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  • I&E funding is often used as flexible infrastructure funding: councils, accessible public participation, planning, evaluation, and partnership development create the conditions for broader service innovation
  • Transition and supported employment dominate the service-delivery innovations, particularly for youth and people with the most significant disabilities
  • Many “innovation” activities are workforce-capacity investments—training staff and providers, building employer relationships, improving data, and strengthening interagency agreements—rather than direct purchases for individual cases
  • Separate blind VR agencies often emphasize specialized assistive technology, orientation and mobility, sensory-disability provider capacity, and targeted transition services.
  • Smaller or rural jurisdictions frequently use I&E funds to address access constraints such as limited providers, transportation, language access, and geographic isolation.
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